Centrist Democracy Political Institute - Items filtered by date: September 2017
Thursday, 28 September 2017 09:35

The President needs his own bastard

Part 1 – The Gatekeepers
WHILE browsing at Barnes & Noble along Union Square in New York last July, I came across several books that I brought home with me to fill my summer days. One was by Chris Whipple, a documentary filmmaker, a journalist and a multi-awarded producer at CBS’ “60 Minutes”. The book, The Gatekeepers, a non-fiction political work describing nine American presidencies from Richard Nixon’s to Barack Obama’s. But the interesting part is that the focus is on their chiefs of staff (COS), from Nixon’s H.R. Haldeman to Obama’s first COS Rahm Emmanuel to his fourth, Denis McDonough. Due to space limitations, article, I will describe only the first presidency, that of Richard Nixon and two or three in subsequent articles. Students of Philippine presidential politics—and I count myself among the enthusiastic ones—can perhaps extract some analogous practices on the workings of the American executive office that we can improve on.

 

The subtitle of the book is “How the White House Chiefs of Staff Define Every Presidency”. This is of course just one facet of the American presidency, or any presidency for that matter. The Philippine presidency can be more complicated and multi-dimensional than what could be circumscribed through the workings of the chiefs of staffs. On the other hand, the president, through his/her choice or non-choice of a COS could also define this particular office; and in so doing, also characterizes and demarcates the presidency. With that, the relationship is a symbiotic one.

 

I may be tempted from time to time to compare the Philippine experience with that of America, but I must confess I don’t have enough intimate knowledge of the current administration to validate Whipple’s thesis.

 

The birth of the modern American COS, “a gatekeeper” was during the time of President Dwight ‘Ike’ Eisenhower. A former New Hampshire governor and a friend, Sherman Adams, was the first COS and, according to Whipple, “[wielded]as much power as his boss”. Fiercely loyal, selfless and protective of his principal, he was in the mold of what Eisenhower had been used to: army chiefs of staff. These were the professional subalterns that contributed in no in small ways to the triumph of Eisenhower’s armies in Europe during WW2.

 

Nixon and Haldeman
Whipple’s study really started in depth with Richard Nixon who lost to John F. Kennedy. Nixon came into office learning from Ike the need for a strong COS and the failure of his presidential adversary. Kennedy decided he would be his own gatekeeper and allowed several senior aides to have access to him, the “spokes of the wheel”; until ill-advised by the same into sending mercenaries into Castro’s Cuba, into what was now known as the “Bay of Pigs” fiasco.

 

This was an experience Nixon tried to avoid; and thus, the entrance of H.R.’Bob’ Haldeman, Nixon’s “Lord High Commissioner,” his COS. Nixon was a flawed man and a paranoid out to exact revenge on his political enemies; among others, his predecessor Lyndon B. Johnson, the Kennedys and the press. The Democrats started the Vietnam war and LBJ was driven from office a broken man. Nixon wanted to end the war – at all costs.

 

As Nixon’s COS Haldeman understood very well that “the president’s time is his most valuable asset” and he devised a staff system that became a template for subsequent administrations. He defined the job of those that serve the President in the executive office as one that is “not to do the work of government, but to get the work out to where it belongs – out to the departments. Nothing goes to the president that is not completely staffed out first…” He did not permit someone to meet with the president privately with an agenda without going through the COS. The president’s time is best used to make decision himself and not to preside over the decision-making process of the staff. The quality of a good COS and his immediate deputies and staff is the farming of what are major considerations to the president. Minor ones are the staff to decide upon.

 

But this almost total control of the COS of the executive office could not prevent minor functionaries from acting on their own that led to the break-in of the Democratic National Committee, the infamous “Watergate scandal” that sank the Nixon presidency. There was no clear proof that Nixon and Haldeman approved the original break-in; but they both were deep in the cover-up of the crime.

 

Whipple writes that“…faced with this ultimate crisis, Haldeman failed to execute his own model of White House governance. Haldeman, the COS, was at the center of it”. Rumsfeld, the COS of President Ford later declared: “I don’t doubt for a minute that Haldeman executed the president’s desires well – maybe too well…I don’t think Haldeman ever said ’No, you’re wrong’. He was dutiful.”

 

Looking back, it was hubris that proved to be the dagger through the heart of the Nixon Presidency. The chief of staff needed to be anchored in a modicum of ethics and moral behavior. That could be his ultimate guarantee to protect the office of the presidency. He did not possess these.

 

The Philippine context
The Deegong’s presidency so far has been defined positively by its supporters, adherents and fanatics mostly in the alternative social media. But the negativity oozes out from the conservative traditional mass media. Confronted by this unorthodox outsider, they are conflicted and oftentimes outright hostile. The fallout from this cynicism, mostly self-inflicted, could have been averted if the persona of the PRRD were not exposed so often to public scrutiny. The talking heads of the administration are no match to counter and deflect the attacks of the well-funded and long entrenched apparatus of the oligarchy and the old political order. The bureaucracy’s concerted efforts are not visible and therefore ineffective. This could be attributable to the President himself. His pronouncements which have the force of official policies are not well pre-processed, which lay himself bare to contradictions from his own cabinet and subalterns. The President is a singularly driven man, an alpha male who tends to dominate. From a political management viewpoint, deadlier is the perception that the presidency is in a disarray.

 

The Deegong is an excellent parochial politician suddenly thrust into the rarified air of national prominence and global politics. His mistake perhaps is in surrounding himself with similarly situated advisers—outsiders, naïve to the arcana of national politics, perforce elevating them to their level of incompetence. Thankfully many of them have grown in stature and some jettisoned by the PRRD himself. After 15 months of what is perceived to be an experimentation, trial and error and learning process of a journey from the periphery to the center, it’s time for a drastic overhaul and an upgrade.

 

He needs an alter ego that must shape his executive office to hew as close as possible to his persona, enabling the office to push for his agenda but must fulfill too the need for a visible presidency, a critical ingredient for good governance. He needs a good chief of staff, his heat shield, or in more pedestrian language, “his ruthless little bastard”.

 

Next week: Part 2 – ‘
A ruthless little bastard’
Published in LML Polettiques
The Centrist Democracy Political Institute (CDPI) headed a former Cabinet official from Davao City has begun explaining its proposal for the country to shift to a federal parliamentary system, urging Congress to start deliberating the amendments in 1987 Constitution that will pave the way for federalization.

 

Lito Monico Lorenzana, President of the CDPI, told reporters and editors covering Kapehan sa Dabaw at the SM Annex at Ecoland last Monday morning the CDPI, one of the four groups espousing federalism will be presenting this proposal to the 25-man commission to be appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte.

 

CDPI is a political non-profit organization, in partnership with Konrad Adanauer Stiftung Philippines, a German political foundation which promotes political education initiatives worldwide.

 

 
“We want a system where power and authority are not centralized but shared between the federal government and the states --- we call these regions, sub-states,” Lorenzana said in an earlier press briefing in Malacañan.

 

 
“We have several models of federalism already submitted to the Congress. We are presenting to you today a model borne out of years of discernment and study,” according to Lorenzana.

 

According to Lorenzana, the CDPI’s proposal adopted and updated the 2005 Consultative Commission documents which they call, “The Centrist Proposal.”
“In our proposal, the Centrist Proposal, the legislative and the executive are fused…We fuse them in a unicameral parliament, one body. And the head of government is the Prime Minister --- with his Cabinet recruited among members of Parliament,” Lorenzana said.

 

He said the President, as head of state, shall be elected from among the members of parliament and shall have a five-year term while the Prime Minister or the head of government will have no term limits but can be booted out of office through a vote of no confidence, not through the process of impeachment.

 

 
Lorenzana said the CDPI has four preconditions while revising the 1987 Constitution: political party reform, enactment of a law banning political dynasties; the passage of a real all-encompassing Freedom of Information Act; and electoral reforms.

 

“We penalize turncoatism or the switching of political parties, the balimbings, the political butterflies,” Lorenzana said.

 

As for electoral reforms, he said the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) must be reformed to remove all quasi-judicial work and transfer electoral contests and protests to the judiciary.

 

“These four conditions have a high probability of passage while we have a President endowed with tremendous political capital and have the political will to act decisively,” he said.

 

Lorenzana said the CDPI has also proposed timelines, which urges Congress to start deliberating amendments in the 1987 Constitution from October this year up to February 2019.

 

The second stage will be from May 2020 to 2025, wherein the first parliamentary elections under the new federal Constitution shall be conducted not later than May 2020 “to organize the first parliament under the newly-ratified Constitution with a term of five years up to 2025.”

 

From May 2025 to 2030, the second regular parliamentary elections under the new Constitution shall be held by 2025 with a five year term to 2030. The country will then have a new Prime Minister and a new President, he said.

 

“That is the shift to parliamentary…But the process of federalization goes on,” Lorenzana said the Centrist Position calls for 11 autonomous territories.

 

The 12th autonomous territory, the Bangsamoro, will be constituted ahead of the Bangsamoro Basic Law enacted by Congress previous to the plebiscite, Lorenzana said.

 

Lorenzana said that by 2028, autonomous territories may already operate like federal states. “They can raise their own funds. They can come up with their own resources. They can come up with their own taxes and spend for themselves. It is a kind of federalism we aspire for where the people from cities and regions shall negotiate among themselves and arrive a decision to set up their own federal state,” he said.

 

Lorenzana said the process of shifting to federal type of government may take some time, and would need massive political education, especially among millennials. “The Centrist roadmap to federalism is designed to mitigate a shock to the body politic arising from the purging of traditional political parties to the immediate passage of reform laws, now pending in Congress,” he said. (with PNA reports)
Published in News
MANILA — The Philippines has improved its ranking in the World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018, placing 56th out of 137 economies in the latest report released Wednesday.

 

The country’s ranking inched up from rank 57 in last year’s WEF report.
It was noted that the country had biggest gains in pillars of higher education and training, up by three notches from the 2016 rankings; labor market efficiency, up by four notches; and market size, up by four notches.
“It is good to see that we have maintained our overall competitiveness and even moved one notch higher,” said Makati Business Club (MBC) chairman Edgar Chua in a statement.

 

From 2012 to 2017 reports, the Philippines landed its best ranking in 2015 at 47th spot.

 

It ranked 65th in 2012, 59th in 2013, and 52nd in 2014.

 

However, the Philippines’ rankings in ASEAN declined by two spots as Brunei Darussalam and Vietnam climbed in the Global Competitiveness Index.
From being in the top five among ASEAN member states in 2016, the country’s ranking fell to rank seven.

 

Brunei Darussalam’s global ranking in 2016 was at 58th spot while Vietnam was at 60th. Brunei Darussalam and Vietnam’s rankings improved to 46th and 55th spots in the 2017 report, respectively.

 

“The state of Philippine infrastructure is in dire need of attention and action. While the quality of air transport infrastructure was identified as one of the country’s greatest disadvantages, ranking 124th out of 137 countries, the quality of other infrastructure such as roads and ports stand as big disadvantages, as well,” Chua said.

 

“In fact, we trail behind our ASEAN neighbors in almost all measures of infrastructure. We ranked lowest in ASEAN in terms of quality of overall infrastructure, in quality of roads, and in quality of air transport infrastructure,” he added.

 

The MBC official noted that implementing plans of the Duterte administration’s Build, Build, Build program will be vital to make the Philippine economy more competitive.

 

Moreover, other ASEAN countries’ rankings in the Global Competitiveness Report for this year are: Singapore at 3rd spot; Malaysia at 23rd spot; Thailand at 32nd spot; Indonesia at 36th spot; Cambodia at 94th spot; and Lao PDR at 98th spot.

 

For the global rankings, the 10 most competitive economies worldwide in the WEF 2017 report are Switzerland, United States, Singapore, Netherlands, Germany, Hong Kong, Sweden, United Kingdom, Japan, and Finland. (Kris Crismundo/PNA)
Published in News
The public-private partnership (PPP) initiative has the potential to bridge the infrastructure gap in the Philippines and Asia at large, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) said on Tuesday.

 

"PPPs, if done right, have the potential to fill the region's huge infrastructure needs, leveraging the capabilities and resources of the private sector towards the common goal of sustainable development for all," ADB chief economist Yasuki Sawada said in a statement.

 

ADB principal country specialist for the Philippines Joven Balbosa noted the country should look at PPPs as a long-term investment.

 

"The last administration put up a PPP Center equipped with a very strong staff ... This administration utilized that more fully by looking at the optimal mix," he said.

 

The country needs $15 billion to finance infrastructure projects until 2030, with several PPP projects in the pipeline, Budget Secretary Benjamin M. Diokno earlier said.

 

Diokno said the government will focus on doing "hybrid" public-private partnership projects—choose the project, look for financing, and let the private sector build it.

 

"There are lots of opportunities," Diokno said in April, when asked about the opportunities for the private sector.
Under the build-operate-transfer scheme, the private sector builds the project and then manages and operates it for a certain period before it is turned over to the government.

 

Asked to comment on this, ADB Philippines country manager Richard Bolt said they see it more as a "rebalancing."

 

"We don't see it as a bias. They're looking at all modes to do this construction. They're looking at a mix. It is the beginning of a rebalance," he said. — VDS, GMA News
Published in News
MANILA — The Philippines on Sunday expressed its appreciation to Saudi Arabia for extending an amnesty program that would allow thousands more of undocumented Filipinos in the kingdom to go home.

 

Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) Secretary Alan Peter S. Cayetano said the extension of the amnesty program was expected to benefit more than 6,000 undocumented Filipinos who were not able to avail themselves of the initial amnesty offer.

 

A total of 8,467 undocumented Filipinos availed themselves of the initial amnesty offer and were repatriated in various batches by the DFA.
“We really appreciate this gesture of the Saudi government that would allow us to bring home many more of our kababayans (countrymen) who are still stranded there,” he said in a statement.

 

The DFA chief personally conveyed Manila’s appreciation to Saudi Foreign Minister Adel Al-Jubeir on the sides of the 72nd United Nations General Assembly in New York on Saturday.

 

“The Philippine government would like to thank you very much for the extension of your amnesty program,” Cayetano told Minister Al-Jubeir after the latter delivered his country’s statement before the General Assembly.
Foreign Affairs Undersecretary for Migrant Workers Affairs Sarah Lou Arriola said the extension was in response to the request of the Philippines and several other countries for an extension of the amnesty program that began March 29 this year. (Leslie Gatpolintan/PNA)
Published in News
Lawyer Erastus Sandino B. Austria, district collector of the Bureau of Customs-Port of Davao joined on September 15 other government officials in signing a memorandum of agreement (MOA) creating the country’s first Inter-Agency Border Security Coordinating Council.

 

The MOA was a product of the series of inter-agency meetings which the Eastern-Mindanao Command (East-Min Com) of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) coordinated.

 

The council hopes to curb the entry of terrorism as well as prevent illegal activities in its area of responsibility. According to a press statement by the East-Min Com, the Martial Law currently in place has driven the AFP to strengthen border security.

 

“[We are] continuously strengthening the border security to prevent terrorism, violent extremism, and other crime syndicates from entering the country via the southern border,” the press statement reads.

 

After the signing of the MOA, representatives from the regional government agencies elected the council’s officers.

 

East-Min Com, represented by Lt. Gen. Rey Leonardo Guerrero, holds the chairmanship. Representatives from Police Regional Office (PRO) XI, Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP XI), Naval Forces Eastern Mindanao (NFEM), Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) XI, and the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) XI were the five elected vice chairpersons.

 

Other signatories to the MOA are the Philippine Ports Authority-Port Management Office Davao, Philippine Coast Guard, National Bureau of Investigation-Central Mindanao Regional Office, and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency XI. | BOC-PR
Published in News
Thursday, 21 September 2017 10:19

Duterte to join ‘Day of Protest’

PRESIDENT Rodrigo Duterte plans to join today’s “National Day of Protest” he had proclaimed, saying he would rally against the “Yellows” or members of the erstwhile ruling Liberal Party as well as corruption in some government agencies.

 

In a late-night interview aired Tuesday on state-run People’s Television Network, Duterte said he would also protest on the day of mass demonstrations marking the 45th anniversary of Martial Law declared by President Ferdinand Marcos in 1972.

“I’d be happy to join those who have sentiments on government, extrajudicial killings, corruption – that’s also my sentiments now – and other government abuses. Then, I’m inviting everybody, including deprived Lumads to come down and join the protests,” the President said.

“That’s why I called it (September 21) National Day of Protest – to give them space and time to enjoy the rights to peacefully assemble, seek redress, and air their grievances. Vent your ire on any place you want – public property and not private,” he added.

The President said he would express his disapproval of “corrupt” government offices supposedly ran by the opposition.

“I will also protest because there are so many ‘yellow’ people who are working in the commission bodies. They are corrupt. Even those on the regulatory board. I will protest because they have a fixed term, there’s a security of tenure. Meaning, you can’t remove them easily,” he said.

Proclamation 319, which Duterte signed on September 19, declared Thursday, September 21, as a National Day of Protest “in solidarity with the people’s call against all excesses and shortcomings of the government, and with the people’s desire to uphold the highest standards of integrity, efficiency and accountability in government.”

“I urge all protesters to act within the bounds of the law, maintain a peaceful conduct of rallies, marches and demonstrations, be vigilant of possible infiltrators who may instigate violence in an effort to provoke the police and other law enforcement authorities, and avoid causing undue inconvenience to their fellow citizens,” Duterte said in his order.

“I hereby order all police and other law enforcement authorities to observe maximum restraint and maintain such distance from these assemblies and mass actions as may be necessary to allow protesters the full exercise of their rights within the bounds of the law,” he added.

The Office of the Executive Secretary on Wednesday released a memorandum circular suspending classes in public schools and work in government offices today, September 21.

Malacañang, meanwhile, left it to the “sound discretion” of heads of private companies and schools to decide whether they, too, would call off work and classes.

In a statement, Palace spokesman Ernesto Abella said the memorandum circular covered only the Executive branch and local government units.

Abella said agencies under the Executive branch that deal with basic and vital services or those dealing with disasters and emergencies are ordered to be on standby near protest sites.
Published in News
Cognizant of the existence of radicalization and violent extremism in the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), ASEAN ministers today further reaffirmed their commitment to work together to prevent and counter these twin concerns that are becoming huge challenges in the region.

 

The ASEAN ministers and other official delegates are in the country for the Second Special ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on the Rise of Radicalisation and Violent Extremism or 2nd SAMMRRVE.

 

Department of the Interior and Local Government OIC Secretary Catalino S. Cuy, who is also the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime Leader for the Philippines, says the SAMMRRVE is convened to provide a platform (AMMTC) for ASEAN member states to exchange experiences, views and ideas on the best practices in handling the issues of radicalization and violent extremism particularly in South East Asia.

 

“It is of our mutual interest and benefit to guard the peace and order of our region as an indispensable requisite for ASEAN socioeconomic prosperity,” says Cuy.

 

“This Ministerial Meeting showcases regional solidarity and resolve to tackle both issues,” he adds.

 

In 2015, ASEAN first took note of these twin issues that were long overlooked by the region during the first SAMMRRVE which was held in Malaysia.

 

“There are serious and various challenges in counteracting radicalization and violent extremism but with our regional cooperation on peace and order, we as one ASEAN, can model and light the way for other regional organizations in the world,” says Cuy.

 

The meeting provided an opportunity for the ASEAN ministers to exchange views and experiences on the unique challenges that their respective countries are encountering in dealing with these concerns as well as on the rehabilitation aspect.

 

At the same time, ASEAN ministers also discussed possible areas of collaboration in the region to counter radicalization and violent extremism.

 

Among possible regional initiatives are the conduct of regular regional dialogues and consultations, exchange of intelligence information and resources, establishing joint operations, and engaging regional partners in capacity building programs.

 

“We say this not out of habit but out of genuine belongingness: we are one ASEAN community with one shared identity and one vision,” says Cuy.

 

“That is why we have a united resolve to guard our regional peace and stability and we cannot be intimidated by radical and violent extremist groups from within and without,” he adds. | DILG
Published in News
It is not about repaying a debt of gratitude, President Rodrigo Duterte has said about his ties with the family of late dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

 

Before public lawyers, Duterte on Monday explained anew his deep ties with the Marcoses, which began “since time immemorial.”

 

“Those are things that cannot really be gawaing issue because those are relationships that were cemented many years ago,” he said.

 

“But kung sabihin niyo that I bargained away the ends of justice to repay utang na loob, it’s not that. Marcos was supported by my father, he won. So Marcos got him into the Cabinet, it’s natural, that’s politics, even everywhere,” he added.

 

He reiterated that his late father, Vicente Duterte who was the former governor of the undivided Davao, was a Cabinet member during the first term of Marcos.

 

Duterte did not provide any reason why he brought up his family’s relationship with the Marcoses, but he recently revealed that Ilocos Norte Governor Imee Marcos reached out to him to discuss about the possible return of the ill-gotten wealth.

 

The President also reiterated that Gov. Marcos was one of the three governors who supported him during the May 2016 elections. — DVM, GMA News
Published in News
The Centrist Democracy Political Institute (CDPI) on Thursday, September 14, said it is proposing the shift to a federal parliamentary system, adding that Congress should soon start deliberating the amendments in the 1987 Constitution that will pave the way for federalization.

 

Lito Monico Lorenzana, President of the CDPI, said they will be presenting this proposal to the 25-man commission to be appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte.

 

CDPI is a political, non-profit organization, in partnership with the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Philippines, a German political foundation which promotes political education initiatives worldwide.

 

“We want a system where power and authority are not centralized but shared between the federal government and the states --- we call these regions, sub-states,” Lorenzana said in a press briefing in Malacañan.

 

“We have several models of federalism already submitted to Congress. We are presenting to you today a model borne out of years of discernment and study,” he said.

 

According to Lorenzana, the CDPI’s proposal adopted and updated the 2005 Consultative Commission documents, which they call “The Centrist Proposal.”
“In our proposal, the Centrist Proposal, the legislative and the executive are fused… We fuse them in a unicameral parliament, one body. And the head of government is the Prime Minister --- with his Cabinet recruited among the members of parliament,” Lorenzana said.

 

He said the President, as head of state, shall be elected from among the members of parliament and shall have a five-year term while the Prime Minister or the head of government will have no term limits but can be booted out of office through a vote of no confidence, not through the process of impeachment.

 

Lorenzana said the CDPI has four preconditions while revising the 1987 Constitution: political party reform, enactment of a law banning political dynasties; the passage of a real all-encompassing Freedom of Information Act; and electoral reforms.

 

“We penalize turncoatism or the switching of political parties, the balimbings, the political butterflies,” Lorenzana said.

 

As for electoral reforms, he said the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) must be reformed to remove all quasi-judicial work and transfer electoral contests and protests to the judiciary.

 

“These four conditions have a high probability of passage while we have a President endowed with tremendous political capital and have the political will to act decisively,” he said.

 

Lorenzana said the CDPI has also proposed timelines, which urges Congress to start deliberating amendments in the 1987 Constitution from October this year up to February 2019.

 

The second stage will be from May of 2020 to 2025, wherein the first parliamentary elections under the new federal Constitution shall be conducted not later than May 2020 “to organize the first unicameral parliament under the newly-ratified Constitution with a term of five years up to 2025.”

 

From May 2025 to 2030, the second regular parliamentary elections under the new Constitution shall be held by 2025 with a five-year term to 2030. The country will then have a new Prime Minister and a new President, he said.
“That is the shift to parliamentary… But the process of federalization goes on,” Lorenzana said.

 

In terms of federalization, Lorenzana said the Centrist Position calls for 11 autonomous territories.

 

The 12th autonomous territory, the Bangsamoro, will be constituted ahead of the Bangsamoro because of the Bangsamoro Basic Law enacted by Congress previous to the plebiscite, Lorenzana said.

 

Lorenzana said that by 2028, autonomous territories may already operate like federal states.

 

“They can raise their own funds. They can come up with their own resources. They can come up with their own taxes and spend for themselves. It is a kind of federalism we aspire for where the people from cities and regions shall negotiate among themselves and arrive a decision to set up their own federal state,” he said.

 

Lorenzana said the process of shifting to a federal type of government may take some time, and would need massive political education, especially among millennials.

 

“The Centrist roadmap to federalism is designed to mitigate the shock to the body politic arising from the purging of traditional political practices to the immediate passage of reform laws now pending in Congress,” he said.
Published in News
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